認識「頭蝨」Know about Head Lice
乜野係「頭蝨」？What are head lice?
頭蝨係一種寄生蟲，會抓緊人體嘅頭髮爬行，吸食人體嘅血液維生。頭皮發癢係最常見嘅病徵，尤其喺頸後同耳背毛髮嘅位置。如果發現頭皮異常痕癢，抓癢後無太多頭皮屑跌落，就應該懷疑係唔係患上頭蝨。仔細檢查嘅話，可以喺頭髮上發現頭蝨卵。頭蝨卵表面光滑，會黏附喺髮幹上，形狀係橢圓形嘅。
Head lice are parasites, which grab on human hair and feed on blood. Itchy scalp is one of the common symptoms, especially happens on the hair at the back of the neck and the ears. If the scalp is found to be very itchy and not much dandruff flakes falling off of hair, the possibility of having head lice should be considered. Nits can be found on the hair upon detailed checks. They have a smooth surface, usually stick on the hair body and are oval.
傳播途徑 Path of transmission
頭蝨主要透過直接接觸感染，亦可透過同患者共用梳子、頭飾或帽子等個人物品而受感染。即使每日洗頭都有可能感染頭蝨，其中幼童患者較常見，因為幼兒之間嘅直接身體接觸會較多，而且衛生意識亦較低。
Head lice mainly transmit through direct contact, and probably through sharing personal items like combs, headwear or hats. Infestation can occur despite everyday hair washing. Children are more prone to head lice as they usually have more physical contact with others and have a lower awareness of hygiene.
處理方法
Management
如果懷疑患上頭蝨，應立即求醫，並按照醫生嘅指示，使用藥性洗頭水或塗劑殺滅頭蝨，配合密齒梳清除頭蝨卵。頭蝨患者同屋企人，都應該同時接受治療。接受治療後應該每日檢查頭髮，以確定頭蝨及頭蝨卵已經完全去除。患者使用過嘅衣物、枕袋、床單、被單等，都必須用熱水同清潔劑清洗。
Suspected head lice infestation should be referred to doctors, and medicated shampoo or solution together with fine-tooth combs can be used under doctors’ instructions to eliminate the nits. Family members of the patients should be treated as well. Patients should have checked every day after the treatment, to ensure all the head lice and the nits are completely removed. Patients should also thoroughly wash the clothes, pillow bags and bed sheets with hot water and detergents.
屈臣氏藥劑師團隊
Watsons Pharmacy Team
